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Thursday, May 08, 2008

Campact Klimaappell an Merkel und Gabriel


Unterzeichnen Sie den Appell an Merkel und Gabriel

Zukunft statt Kohle!






Den Energiekonzernen ist unser Klima egal: Sie wollen mehr als 20 neue Kohlekraftwerke bauen. Für Jahrzehnte würde eine klimaschädliche und ineffiziente Stromproduktion zementiert.

Fordern Sie Angela Merkel und Umweltminister Gabriel auf, die Pläne zu stoppen: Sie müssen neuen Kraftwerken per Gesetz vorschreiben, Energie effizient zu nutzen. Nur wer mindestens 58 Prozent der im Brennstoff enthaltenen Energie zur Stromerzeugung nutzt, darf bauen. Das schaffen moderne Gaskraftwerke, während Kohlekraftwerke scheitern. zur Kurzinfo

Unterzeichnen Sie den Appell! Die Namen aller Unterzeichner/innen werden täglich an Merkel und Gabriel verschickt und bei der Sitzung des Bundeskabinetts zum Klimaschutz am 27. Mai öffentlich präsentiert.

Monday, April 21, 2008

Separation behaviour of suspensions in polymer solutions WFC 10 World Filtration Conference 10

Contribution to 10th World Filtration Conference April 14-18 2008 Leipzig/Germany
Separation behaviour of suspensions in polymer solutions studied by multisample analytical centrifugation

T. Sobisch*, T. Detloff, D. Lerche

In many industrial applications the separation behaviour of dispersions is influenced by the presence of polymeric additives. For example nonadsorbing polymers used as thickeners to stabilise formulations not only increase fluid viscosity but can also induce depletion flocculation. Both viscosity increase and depletion flocculation will modify separation processes. Furthermore the rheological properties of polymer solutions are generally shear dependent.

In this paper we study the shear dependent sedimentation in a centrifugal field for monodisperse (silica) and polydisperse (quartz) dispersions in anionic polymer solutions of varying concentration.

A multisample analytical centrifugation technique with photometric detection (STEP-Technology) is used in this study to trace the sedimentation velocity, velocity and size distributions in-situ. Measurements with monodisperse silica could be used to determine the effective viscosity as function of polymer concentration and centrifugal acceleration. Results revealed depletion flocculation at low polymer concentration but stabilization at higher concentrations. For the polydisperse quartz dispersions the sedimentation velocity of the coarse fraction and the particle size distribution in the supernatant could be determined.

Keywords

sedimentation, analytical centrifugation, velocity distribution, particle size distribution, polymer solutions, depletion flocculation, in-situ measurement, solid-liquid separation



Evaluation of beverage cloud emulsion stability - Food Colloids 2008

Contribution to Food Colloids 2008 - Le Mans
Evaluation of traditional and new methods determining beverage cloud emulsion stability
C. Cherbit, S. Reiner, G. Reineccius
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
T. Sobisch, D. Lerche LUM, Berlin, Germany

Emulsions are inherently unstable. This is an ongoing problem for the food and flavor industries. The objective of this work was to evaluate two instruments (LUMiSizer® and LUMiReader®) designed to characterize dispersion stability thereby potentially replacing lengthy and costly traditional methods.
Several beverage cloud emulsions were prepared using orange terpenes or medium chain triglycerides as the oil phase, emulsifiers (gum acacia or a chemically modified starch), in the presence or absence of a weighing agent (ester gum). Results obtained with the analytical centrifuge LUMiSizer® and the separation analyser LUMiReader® were compared to those obtained using traditional methods (visual observations of creaming, measurement of absorbance to obtain the opacity and droplet size index, and particle size analysis).
For the systems investigated application of high resolution photometric detection compared to traditional methods resulted in more detailed information in shorter time.

Friday, March 28, 2008

70 % gegen Bahnprivatisierung

Repräsentative Emnidumfrage von Bahn für Alle

70 Prozent der Bevölkerung lehnen jede
Kapitalprivatisierung ab und wollen eine Bahn in
öffentlicher Hand. Das hat eine repräsentative Befragung
des Meinungsforschungsinstituts Emnid im Auftrag von "Bahn
für Alle" ergeben. Die Entscheidung über die Zukunft der
Bahn ist für viele Menschen wichtig für ihre künftige
Wahlentscheidung, hat die Umfrage ebenfalls ergeben.

In keiner Partei gibt es eine Mehrheit für eine
Bahnprivatisierung. Unter Anhängern der SPD ist die
Ablehnung mit 73 Prozent besonders hoch.

Die Menschen messen der Zukunft der Bahn eine hohe
Bedeutung bei. Lediglich ein Drittel der Bevölkerung meint,
dass die Haltung der Parteien zur Bahnprivatisierung für
ihre Wahlentscheidung unwichtig sei.

Befragt wurden von Emnid am 25. und 26. März 2008
telefonisch 1006 Personen ab 14 Jahre.

Friday, March 14, 2008

Charakterisierung interpartikulärer Kräfte

Artikel in

Chemie Ingenieur Technik Volume 80, Issue 3 , Pages 393 - 397

Charakterisierung interpartikulärer Kräfte für Fest/Flüssig-Trennverfahren mittels Analytischer Zentrifugation

T. Sobisch, D. Lerche
Dispersionen • Partikel • Trennverfahren • Zentrifugation

Das Verhalten von Dispersionen, gekennzeichnet durch Entmischungs-, Fließ- und Packungsverhalten, wird durch Art und Stärke der interpartikulären Wechselwirkungskräfte bestimmt. Dies ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Anwendung von Dispersionen auf verschiedensten Gebieten aber auch für Fest/Flüssig-Trennverfahren. Der folgende Beitrag berichtet über die Anwendung der Analytischen Zentrifugation zur Untersuchung der Kinetik und Polydispersität von Trennprozessen sowie des Packungs- und Kompressionsverhaltens am Beispiel polydisperser Feinstpartikelsuspensionen. Die Analytische Zentrifuge misst die lokalen und zeitlichen Änderungen der Transmission mittels STEP-Verfahren. Innerhalb der untersuchten Feinstpartikelsuspensionen variiert der Grad der Partikelwechselwirkung von repulsiv bis stark attraktiv und deckt somit den gesamten Bereich typischer Trennaufgaben ab. Die Charakteristik der Trennprozesse (Einzelkorn- oder Zonensedimentation, freie oder behinderte Sedimentation, Konsolidierungsverhalten, Polydispersität) lässt sich aus der Form und dem Verlauf der gemessenen Transmissionsprofile bestimmen. Repulsive Partikelwechselwirkungen führen zu einem polydispersen Sedimentationsverhalten, d. h. die Teilchen sedimentieren mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit entsprechend ihrer Größe. Im Fall stark attraktiver Wechselwirkungen bewegen sich insbesondere bei hohen Volumenkonzentrationen alle Partikel gemeinsam mit dergleichen Geschwindigkeit. Wenn nur schwache Anziehungskräfte wirken, bildet sich eine Sedimentationsfront, die den Großteil der Partikel einschließt, ein Teil der kleineren Partikel zeigt aber weiterhin polydisperses Sedimentationsverhalten. Die erzielbare Packungsdichte wird gleichfalls durch die Stärke der Partikelwechselwirkungen bestimmt. Aus technologischer Sicht steht die Packungsdichte im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Entwässerbarkeit bzw. dem Entfeuchtungsverhalten sowie der Redispergierbarkeit. Für kolloidchemisch stabile Dispersionen (repulsive Wechselwirkungen) werden auch bei relativ geringer Zentrifugalbeschleunigung hohe Packungsdichten erreicht, die Sedimente sind nahezu inkompressibel. Bei polydispersen Systemen tritt in diesem Fall Partikelsegregation auf. Mit Zunahme der Anziehungskräfte zwischen den Teilchen ist ausgeprägtes Kompressionsverhalten zu beobachten, die Packungsdichte ist stark vom ausgeübten Zentrifugaldruck abhängig. Bei stark geflockten Systemen werden selbst bei sehr hohen Drücken nur moderate Entfeuchtungsgrade erzielt.

Friday, November 02, 2007

Paint products: Accelerated stability and quality testing

On line article at SpecialChem4coatings.com

Paint products: Accelerated stability and quality testing
Part I: Direct measurement of separation and segregation by multisample analytical centrifugation

Scope

To assure continued consumer satisfaction the following stability issues of paint products have to be minimized or avoided:

  • syneresis - separation of the liquid dispersion media
  • Pigment segregation - change of colour composition inside a container
  • Particle segregation - change of particle size distribution inside a container

These stability issues have to be addressed not only during development of new paint products but also for quality assurance during production on a regular basis. This application note demonstrates that multisample analytical centrifugation can be used as an efficient tool for the accelerated evaluation of separation stability of paint products.
In addition this technique provides for high resolution data of particle size distributions of pigments or emulsions.

In part II the application of multi-sample analytical centrifugation for optimization of deagglomeration of pigment particles will be addressed.

Formula V - Formulation Science and Technology 2007

Formula V 19 - 22 November Potsdam, Germany

' Formulating opens the way for tailoring products for specific applications and combining components with often contradicting properties. Formulation science and technology is a core discipline for industries and applications like home care, cosmetics, plant protection and coatings but also of emerging importance in fields like electronics, composite materials and biomedical technology.'

Poster contributions

Accelerated screening of formulations towards freeze-thaw stability

T. Sobisch, D. Lerche, L.U.M. GmbH, www.lum-gmbh.com

Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany


The formulation of dispersion based products as well as process development/monitoring and quality assurance require efficient and objective analytical tools for shelf life prediction and stability determination. Freeze/thaw stability is often used as measure of long term stability. On the other hand high freeze/thaw stability is often required as a material property. To this end the potential of multisample analytical centrifugation was evaluated as an accelerated test procedure.
A new multisample approach is presented using analytical centrifugation (STEP-Technology), which allows for an accelerated characterization of destabilization processes (creaming, sedimentation, coalescence, phase separation). The kinetics of these destabilizing processes can be traced simultaneously for up-to 12 different samples with temperature control in the range between 4 and 60 °C.
Analytical centrifugation measures in a rapid way the inherent stability of the samples. Therefore, alterations due to accelerated aging by freeze/thaw cycling can be traced far more earlier than by naked eye.

The wide application potential of this approach is demonstrated by examples of measurements on paints, cosmetics and food products.


Thickener performance traced by multisample analytical centrifugation

T. Sobisch, D. Lerche, L.U.M. GmbH, www.lum-gmbh.com

Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany


Polymeric thickeners are important ingredients to adjust flow properties and stability of formulations. The effect of polymeric additives on dispersion properties is rather complex (viscosity of the continuous phase, adsorption and depletion effects, interaction with other ingredients). Therefore optimum formulation requires extensive experimental investigations.

A new multisample approach is presented using analytical centrifugation (STEP-Technology), which allows for an accelerated characterization of separation stability. Even more, comparing measurements at different centrifugal acceleration information on flow properties is also available (Newtonian, shear thinning or thickening behaviour, yield point, compressive yield stress). The kinetics of separation can be traced simultaneously for up-to 12 different samples with temperature control in the range between 4 and 60 °C.
The potential of multisample analytical centrifugation for formulation design was demonstrated investigating the effect of particle (calcium carbonate, silica) and polymer (polyacryl amide) concentration on dispersion properties of different stabilized suspensions.


Friday, September 28, 2007

making palm oil production less polluting - the wastewater issue

besides the issue of rain forest destruction conventional palm oil production generates up-to 4 tonnes highly contaminated wastewater and more then 40 cubic meter methane per tonne of palm oil produced.

To reduce environmental impact German researchers have developed a treatment process using wastewater and plant residues of oil production for co composting.

Thursday, September 06, 2007

Concerns Over Bisphenol A

Human exposures are usually as high as those causing profound effects in rodents

"THE SUSPECTED LINK between low levels of human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer widely used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, and adverse health affects was bolstered last week with the publication of four toxicology studies that investigated the link.

The most significant paper is a consensus statement from 38 scientists released online in Reproductive Toxicology (DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.005). It concludes that human exposure to BPA, primarily from food containers, is within the range shown to be biologically active in animal studies. In rodents, low BPA exposures in the womb cause increases in the rates of prostate and breast cancer, reproductive abnormalities, lowered sperm counts, early onset of puberty in females, and obesity and insulin-resistant diabetes."


.................
"Despite growing evidence of toxic effects in lab animals, manufacturers of BPA insist that their product is safe. Steven Hentges, executive director of the polycarbonate/BPA group at the American Chemistry Council, an industry group, disputes the new research in Reproductive Toxicology. He says it is not credible, pointing to a European Food Safety Authority report that indicated no adverse effects of BPA"

Tuesday, August 21, 2007

Risk due to endocrine effect of compounds used in personal care products

COMMENTARY: Do Personal-Care Products Need a Makeover? (By Gary Ginsberg)

E/The Environmental Magazine - Norwalk,CT,USA
'The typical surfactants, emulsifiers, oils and fragrances are
generally safe. However, as with many things, the devil is in the details
and it's the small ...'

problems associated with phtalates, parabens, benzophenons, bisphenol A, triclosan

What´s Toxic, What´s not


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